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ExampleFictional example for demonstration — not a live listing. Numbers are illustrative.
Columbus, OH·duplex fourplex

Elm & Third

312 Elm St, Columbus, OH 43215

Units4
Year built1960
Asking price$520,000
Price / unit$130,000
Data sourceMANUAL

Operating snapshot (as reported, before your assumptions)

Gross scheduled income$57,600
Other income$1,200
Vacancy5.0%
Effective gross income$55,920
Operating expenses$22,000
Expense ratio39%
Net operating income$33,920
Going-in cap rate6.5%

Model this deal

Adjust financing and growth assumptions below. Changes affect only your analysis — the underlying listing is never modified.

Assumptions

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Property
Financing
Cash invested & reserves

Closing costs, upfront improvements, and initial reserves are added to total cash invested (they raise the cash-on-cash denominator). The annual capex reserve reduces cash flow but not NOI or cap rate — a common convention is $250–$300 per unit per year (≈ $1,100/yr here). It defaults to $0.

Growth
Model improvements (value-add)

Renovation rent premium, operational uplift, and general market-rent growth are counted separately — never combined. A large current-to-proposed rent gap is an assumption to confirm, not proof.

Downside scenario

A scenario, not a forecast.

Cap Rate6.5%
Cash-on-Cash2.1%
DSCR1.09
Debt Yield8.7%
NOI$33,920Before reserves & debt service
Cash Flow (after reserves)i$2,784After $0/yr reserve ($0/unit)
Monthly Debt Service$2,595
Break-even Occupancy90%
Price / Unit$130,000
Total Cash Invested$130,000
Loan Amount$390,000
Balloon at Maturity$0Due in year 30

5-year projection

Cash flow is after debt service and the annual capex reserve. Debt service is held at the current payment; the loan balloon is due in year 30.

YearNOICash Flow
Year 1$33,920$2,784
Year 2$35,327$4,191
Year 3$36,789$5,653
Year 4$38,308$7,172
Year 5$39,886$8,749

What the numbers say

An assessment of how this deal reads under the assumptions above — not an endorsement, recommendation, or suitability determination.

Current incomeCaution

Marginal for current income — cash flow is positive but debt coverage is thin (DSCR 1.09, 2.1% cash-on-cash). Sensitive to vacancy, expense, or rate changes.

  • • Annual cash flow after reserves: $2,784.
Value-add potentialNot assessed

Not yet modeled. Open “Model improvements” and add renovation scope, costs, and target rents to assess the upside.